A popular approach to creating a zero-shot cross-language retrieval model is to substitute a monolingual pretrained language model in the retrieval model with a multilingual pretrained language model such as Multilingual BERT. This multilingual model is fined-tuned to the retrieval task with monolingual data such as English MS MARCO using the same training recipe as the monolingual retrieval model used. However, such transferred models suffer from mismatches in the languages of the input text during training and inference. In this work, we propose transferring monolingual retrieval models using adapters, a parameter-efficient component for a transformer network. By adding adapters pretrained on language tasks for a specific language with task-specific adapters, prior work has shown that the adapter-enhanced models perform better than fine-tuning the entire model when transferring across languages in various NLP tasks. By constructing dense retrieval models with adapters, we show that models trained with monolingual data are more effective than fine-tuning the entire model when transferring to a Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) setting. However, we found that the prior suggestion of replacing the language adapters to match the target language at inference time is suboptimal for dense retrieval models. We provide an in-depth analysis of this discrepancy between other cross-language NLP tasks and CLIR.

安全探索对于使用风险敏感环境中的强化学习（RL）至关重要。最近的工作了解衡量违反限制概率的风险措施，然后可以使用安全性来实现安全性。然而，学习这种风险措施需要与环境的重大互动，从而在学习期间违反违规程度过多。此外，这些措施不易转移到新环境。我们将安全探索作为离线Meta RL问题，目的是利用一系列环境中的安全和不安全行为的例子，以快速将学习风险措施与以前看不见的动态的新环境。然后，我们向安全适应（MESA）提出元学习，这是一个荟萃学习安全RL的风险措施的方法。跨5个连续控制域的仿真实验表明，MESA可以从一系列不同的环境中利用脱机数据，以减少未经调整环境中的约束违规，同时保持任务性能。有关代码和补充材料，请参阅https://tinyurl.com/safe-meta-rl。

两个关键假设塑造了排名检索的通常视图：（1）搜索者可以为他们希望看到的文档中的疑问选择单词，并且（2）排名检索的文档就足以，因为搜索者将足够就足够了能够认识到他们希望找到的那些。当要搜索的文档处于搜索者未知的语言时，既不是真的。在这种情况下，需要跨语言信息检索（CLIR）。本章审查了艺术技术的交流信息检索，并概述了一些开放的研究问题。

在本文中，我们研究了可以从原始图像中学习低级技能的曲目的问题，这些曲目可以测序以完成长效的视觉运动任务。强化学习（RL）是一种自主获取短疗法技能的有前途的方法。但是，RL算法的重点很大程度上是这些个人技能的成功，而不是学习和扎根大量的技能曲目，这些技能可以对这些技能进行测序，这些技能可以对完成扩展的多阶段任务进行测序。后者需要稳健性和持久性，因为技能的错误会随着时间的流逝而复杂，并且可能要求机器人在其曲目中具有许多原始技能，而不仅仅是一个。为此，我们介绍了Ember，Ember是一种基于模型的RL方法，用于学习原始技能，适合完成长途视觉运动任务。 Ember使用学识渊博的模型，评论家和成功分类器学习和计划，成功分类器既可以作为RL的奖励功能，又是一种基础机制，可连续检测机器人在失败或扰动下是否应重试技能。此外，学到的模型是任务不合时宜的，并使用来自所有技能的数据进行了培训，从而使机器人能够有效地学习许多不同的原语。这些视觉运动原始技能及其相关的前后条件可以直接与现成的符号计划者结合在一起，以完成长途任务。在Franka Emika机器人部门上，我们发现Ember使机器人能够以85％的成功率完成三个长马视觉运动任务，例如组织办公桌，文件柜和抽屉，需要排序多达12个技能，这些技能最多需要12个技能，涉及14个独特的学识渊博，并要求对新物体进行概括。

我们研究了从机器人交互的大型离线数据集学习一系列基于视觉的操纵任务的问题。为了实现这一目标，人类需要简单有效地将任务指定给机器人。目标图像是一种流行的任务规范形式，因为它们已经在机器人的观察空间接地。然而，目标图像也有许多缺点：它们对人类提供的不方便，它们可以通过提供导致稀疏奖励信号的所需行为，或者在非目标达到任务的情况下指定任务信息。自然语言为任务规范提供了一种方便而灵活的替代方案，而是随着机器人观察空间的接地语言挑战。为了可扩展地学习此基础，我们建议利用具有人群源语言标签的离线机器人数据集（包括高度最佳，自主收集的数据）。使用此数据，我们学习一个简单的分类器，该分类器预测状态的更改是否完成了语言指令。这提供了一种语言调节奖励函数，然后可以用于离线多任务RL。在我们的实验中，我们发现，在语言条件的操作任务中，我们的方法优于目标 - 图像规格和语言条件仿制技术超过25％，并且能够从自然语言中执行Visuomotor任务，例如“打开右抽屉“和”移动订书机“，在弗兰卡·埃米卡熊猫机器人上。

AI正在经历范式转变，随着模型的兴起（例如Bert，Dall-E，GPT-3），这些模型经过大规模的数据训练，并且可以适应广泛的下游任务。我们称这些模型基础模型来强调其至关重要但不完整的特征。该报告提供了基础模型的机会和风险的详尽说明，包括其功能（例如语言，愿景，机器人技术，推理，人类互动）和技术原则（例如，模型架构，培训程序，数据，系统，安全，安全性，评估，理论）对其应用（例如法律，医疗保健，教育）和社会影响（例如不平等，滥用，经济和环境影响，法律和道德考虑）。尽管基础模型基于标准的深度学习和转移学习，但它们的规模导致了新的新兴能力，以及它们在许多任务中的有效性都激发了同质化。同质化提供了强大的杠杆作用，但要求谨慎，因为基础模型的缺陷均由下游的所有适应模型继承。尽管即将广泛地部署基础模型，但我们目前对它们的工作方式，失败以及由于其新兴属性的影响而缺乏清晰的了解。为了解决这些问题，我们认为基础模型的许多批判性研究都需要与他们的基本社会技术性质相称。

Deep learning techniques with neural networks have been used effectively in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to obtain solutions to nonlinear differential equations. This paper presents a physics-informed neural network (PINN) approach to solve the Blasius function. This method eliminates the process of changing the non-linear differential equation to an initial value problem. Also, it tackles the convergence issue arising in the conventional series solution. It is seen that this method produces results that are at par with the numerical and conventional methods. The solution is extended to the negative axis to show that PINNs capture the singularity of the function at $\eta=-5.69$

Abstractive dialogue summarization has long been viewed as an important standalone task in natural language processing, but no previous work has explored the possibility of whether abstractive dialogue summarization can also be used as a means to boost an NLP system's performance on other important dialogue comprehension tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel type of dialogue summarization task - STRUctured DiaLoguE Summarization - that can help pre-trained language models to better understand dialogues and improve their performance on important dialogue comprehension tasks. We further collect human annotations of STRUDEL summaries over 400 dialogues and introduce a new STRUDEL dialogue comprehension modeling framework that integrates STRUDEL into a graph-neural-network-based dialogue reasoning module over transformer encoder language models to improve their dialogue comprehension abilities. In our empirical experiments on two important downstream dialogue comprehension tasks - dialogue question answering and dialogue response prediction - we show that our STRUDEL dialogue comprehension model can significantly improve the dialogue comprehension performance of transformer encoder language models.

Negotiation is one of the crucial abilities in human communication, and there has been a resurgent research interest in negotiation dialogue systems recently, which goal is to empower intelligent agents with such ability that can efficiently help humans resolve conflicts or reach beneficial agreements. Although there have been many explorations in negotiation dialogue systems, a systematic review of this task has to date remained notably absent. To this end, we aim to fill this gap by reviewing contemporary studies in the emerging field of negotiation dialogue systems, covering benchmarks, evaluations, and methodologies. Furthermore, we also discuss potential future directions, including multi-modal, multi-party, and cross-cultural negotiation scenarios. Our goal is to provide the community with a systematic overview of negotiation dialogue systems and to inspire future research.

Conditional diffusion probabilistic models can model the distribution of natural images and can generate diverse and realistic samples based on given conditions. However, oftentimes their results can be unrealistic with observable color shifts and textures. We believe that this issue results from the divergence between the probabilistic distribution learned by the model and the distribution of natural images. The delicate conditions gradually enlarge the divergence during each sampling timestep. To address this issue, we introduce a new method that brings the predicted samples to the training data manifold using a pretrained unconditional diffusion model. The unconditional model acts as a regularizer and reduces the divergence introduced by the conditional model at each sampling step. We perform comprehensive experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on super-resolution, colorization, turbulence removal, and image-deraining tasks. The improvements obtained by our method suggest that the priors can be incorporated as a general plugin for improving conditional diffusion models.